Reproductive technologies for prenatal diagnosis.

Reproductive genetic technology provides unprecedented opportunities for pregnant women and their families to obtain direct information about the genetic makeup of their developing fetus. Ultrasonography, maternal serum markers, amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling and percutaneous umbilical blood sampling already offer opportunities for prenatal diagnosis in early pregnancy. New techniques, such as preimplantation, prenatal diagnosis and fetal cell sorting offer opportunities for prenatal diagnosis in even earlier stages of pregnancy.