Induction of type 2 cystatin in rat submandibular glands by systemically administered agents.

An inducible type 2 cystatin has earlier been characterized in submandibular glands and kidneys of rats treated with isoproterenol, as well as in kidneys of rats with experimental renal disease. The purpose now was to determine whether giving agents that have systemic toxicity could also be associated with induction of cystatin in rat salivary glands. Female Wistar rats (200-250 g) were given isoproterenol, cyclocytidine, potassium dichromate or turpentine oil. After autopsy, the organs were sectioned, fixed in 10% formalin, and processed routinely. Paraffin sections were processed for both the peroxidase-antiperoxidase and the avidin-biotin-alkaline phosphatase immunocytochemical methods. The submandibular glands of rats given cyclocytidine had generalized, strong staining of acinar cells, as well as occasional weak staining within granular convoluted tubules. Animals given either potassium dichromate or turpentine oil exhibited moderate staining for cystatin in submandibular acini. Rats given isoproterenol as a positive control exhibited strong acinar staining throughout the submandibular gland, while the glands of untreated rats were unreactive. Inducible type 2 cystatin could not be detected in the parotid or sublingual glands, or in trachea, lung, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, spleen, liver and pancreas, after treatment with any of the systemic agents evaluated. The results indicate that elaboration of type 2 cystatin can be induced by a variety of systemically administered agents other than isoproterenol, and suggest that elaboration of type 2 cystatin may represent a more generalized response to tissue injury.