Osofsky J D, Eberhart-Wright A, Ware L M, Hann D M
Division of Infant, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Joy OSOFSKY, New Orleans 70112-2822.
Psychiatr Enfant. 1993;36(1):253-87.
Developmental psychopathology focuses on developmental aspects of pathology as well as individual patterns of adaptation and maladaptation. Adaptation involves the resolution of earlier issues, with successful resolution facilitating adaptation and earlier developmental failures increasing the likelihood of future problems. The study of developmental psychology provides knowledge about normal processes in order to better understand psychopathology as well as groups at high risk for having problems over time. The project described in this paper focuses on applied psychoanalysis using psychoanalytic knowledge and theory in the context of an intervention project involving observational research. Two case descriptions of adolescent mothers and their children are presented to illustrate issues about problematic development in a child first observed as part of the research project and later referred to a therapeutic nursery. The cases are discussed in relation to two questions: 1/Is it possible to define and evaluate manifestations of disturbance early in life that result in definable psychopathology at school age? 2/To what extent can the selfrighting capacity of the child or environmental intervention compensate in correcting the developmental process?
发展性精神病理学关注病理学的发展方面以及个体的适应和适应不良模式。适应涉及早期问题的解决,成功解决有助于适应,而早期发展失败会增加未来出现问题的可能性。发展心理学的研究提供了关于正常过程的知识,以便更好地理解精神病理学以及随着时间推移有出现问题高风险的群体。本文所述项目聚焦于在一个涉及观察性研究的干预项目背景下运用精神分析知识和理论的应用精神分析。呈现了两个青少年母亲及其子女的案例描述,以说明一个儿童的发展问题,该儿童最初作为研究项目的一部分被观察,后来被转介到一个治疗性托儿所。针对两个问题对这些案例进行了讨论:1. 是否有可能界定和评估生命早期导致学龄期可界定精神病理学的紊乱表现?2. 儿童的自我修复能力或环境干预在纠正发展过程中能在多大程度上起到补偿作用?