Flamme I, Baranowski A, Risau W
Institut für Anatomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.
Anat Rec. 1993 Sep;237(1):49-57. doi: 10.1002/ar.1092370106.
In cultures of dissociated quail epiblast the basic constituents of the vascular system, blood cells and endothelial cells can be induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (Flamme and Risau, Development, 116: 435-439, 1992). As we show here, in those cultures three types of vascular plexus differentiate spontaneously under different culture conditions: At the 3rd day a vascular plexus appears in situ closely resembling the vascular plexus of the quail area opaca vasculosa (vasculogenesis). Vascular sprouts are formed, extending long filopodia at their tips. Such filopodia are shown to build the first intervascular bridges in the growing vascular plexus of the area vasculosa at embryonic day 3. Connections of filopodia turn out to be precursors of new capillaries interconnecting pre-existing blood vessels (angiogenesis). Two further types of in vitro capillary plexus differentiate in long term endothelial cell cultures derived from induced angioblasts. Whereas one closely resembles so-called angiogenesis in vitro, the third type comprises mainly multinucleated giant endothelial cells lining loop like capillaries and represents a differentiation of aging endothelial cell culture. Thus, the present in vitro model is an approach to the sequence of angioblast induction, vasculogenesis, and angiogenesis.
在解离的鹌鹑外胚层培养物中，血管系统的基本组成部分，血细胞和内皮细胞可由碱性成纤维细胞生长因子诱导产生（弗拉姆和里索，《发育》，116: 435 - 439, 1992）。正如我们在此所示，在这些培养物中，三种类型的血管丛在不同培养条件下自发分化：在第3天，原位出现一个血管丛，与鹌鹑不透明区血管的血管丛非常相似（血管发生）。血管芽形成，其顶端伸出长丝状伪足。在胚胎第3天，这种丝状伪足被证明在血管区不断生长的血管丛中构建了最初的血管间桥。丝状伪足的连接结果成为连接先前存在的血管的新毛细血管的前体（血管生成）。另外两种类型的体外毛细血管丛在源自诱导血管母细胞的长期内皮细胞培养物中分化。其中一种与所谓的体外血管生成非常相似，而第三种类型主要由排列在环状毛细血管周围的多核巨大内皮细胞组成，代表了老化内皮细胞培养物的一种分化。因此，目前的体外模型是研究血管母细胞诱导、血管发生和血管生成序列的一种方法。
