Ciocon J O, Fernandez B B, Ciocon D G
Department of internal medicine, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Fort Lauderdale.
Geriatrics. 1993 May;48(5):34-40, 45.
Leg edema is a common problem in older patients, with a wide range of possible causes. The diagnosis can be narrowed by categorizing the edema according to its duration (acute or chronic), distribution (unilateral or bilateral), and accompanying symptoms (such as dyspnea, pain, thickening of skin, and pigmentation). The differential diagnosis includes systemic illnesses such as heart failure, liver disease, malnutrition, and thyroid disorder; local conditions such as pelvic tumors, infection,, trauma, and venous thrombosis; and various medications known to increase the risk of edema of the lower extremities. Appropriate therapy is based on the presentation of edema and its identified cause.
腿部水肿是老年患者的常见问题，其可能病因广泛。根据水肿的持续时间（急性或慢性）、分布情况（单侧或双侧）以及伴随症状（如呼吸困难、疼痛、皮肤增厚和色素沉着）对水肿进行分类，可缩小诊断范围。鉴别诊断包括心力衰竭、肝病、营养不良和甲状腺疾病等全身性疾病；盆腔肿瘤、感染、创伤和静脉血栓形成等局部病症；以及各种已知会增加下肢水肿风险的药物。适当的治疗基于水肿的表现及其确定的病因。
