Slonim D, Svandová E, Strnad P, Benes C
Institute of Sera and Vaccines, Prague, Czech Republic.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 1994 Dec;2(2):88-90.
The first large epidemic of poliomyelitis in (previous) Czechoslovakia was recorded in 1939. It affected only the western part of the state, Bohemia, with a relatively high morbidity and mortality, 25.42 and 2.05 per 100,000, respectively, the death rate being 8.1%. In Prague, children aged between 5 and 9 years represented 41.5% and those up to 14 years 84% of all cases of poliomyelitis. Other epidemics followed in 1943, 1948 and 1953 affected Moravia and Slovakia as well. The highest death rates were in the interepidemic periods, the lowest ones were recorded in the epidemics. During the "epidemic phase" between 1939 and 1956, 12,868 cases of poliomyelitis and 1,159 deaths from poliomyelitis were reported, the mean death rate value being 9.0%. General hygiene measures, passive immunization with specific convalescent human sera and intranasal "chemoprophylaxis" tried then on a large scale, did not show any demonstrable antiepidemic effect.
（前）捷克斯洛伐克首次大规模脊髓灰质炎疫情于1939年有记录。疫情仅影响该国西部地区波希米亚，发病率和死亡率相对较高，分别为每10万人25.42例和2.05例，死亡率为8.1%。在布拉格，5至9岁儿童占脊髓灰质炎所有病例的41.5%，14岁及以下儿童占84%。随后在1943年、1948年和1953年又发生了其他疫情，摩拉维亚和斯洛伐克也受到影响。死亡率最高出现在疫情间歇期，最低则记录于疫情期间。在1939年至1956年的“疫情阶段”，报告了12868例脊髓灰质炎病例和1159例脊髓灰质炎死亡病例，平均死亡率为9.0%。当时大规模尝试的一般卫生措施、用特定恢复期人血清进行的被动免疫以及鼻内“化学预防”均未显示出任何明显的抗疫效果。
