Slonim D, Svandová E, Strand P, Benes C
Institute of Sera and Vaccines (Sevac), Prague, Czech Republic.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 1995 Aug;3(3):124-6.
The "repression phase" of paralytic poliomyelitis in the Czech Republic (and in the Slovak Republic as well) between 1957 and 1960 was characterized by controlled, short term, mass vaccination campaigns. In spring 1957, at the very beginning of a polio epidemic, about 87% of all children aged 1 to 7 years and about 40% of those aged 8 to 15 years were intradermally vaccinated with IPV. The protective effect in population given two IPV doses was 66% (in Slovakia 74%). The starting epidemic of 1957 was stopped. Morbidity and mortality from poliomyelitis markedly decreased in 1958. Nevertheless, about 39%, 13% and 41% of children aged under 8 years (given three IPV doses) had not specific virus-neutralizing antibodies against polioviruses types 1, 2 and 3 respectively. A field trial with OPV started in winter 1958-59. Over 110,000 children aged 2 to 6 years were vaccinated with Sabin OPV, which proved to be safe, highly immunogenic and protective. In spring 1960 about 93% of children were vaccinated in the former Czechoslovakia with OPV in a mass, countrywide campaign. No case of paralytic poliomyelitis was reported during the second half of 1960. The same was true for all year 1961, the first year of the historical period of poliomyelitis elimination in our country.
1957年至1960年间，捷克斯洛伐克（当时还包括斯洛伐克共和国）麻痹性脊髓灰质炎的“抑制阶段”以有控制的短期大规模疫苗接种运动为特征。1957年春季，在脊髓灰质炎疫情刚开始时，所有1至7岁儿童中约87%以及8至15岁儿童中约40%接受了灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗（IPV）皮内接种。接种两剂IPV的人群中的保护效果为66%（在斯洛伐克为74%）。1957年开始的疫情被遏制住了。1958年脊髓灰质炎的发病率和死亡率显著下降。然而，8岁以下儿童中约39%、13%和41%（接种三剂IPV）分别没有针对1型、2型和3型脊髓灰质炎病毒的特异性病毒中和抗体。1958 - 1959年冬季开始了口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）的现场试验。超过110,000名2至6岁儿童接种了萨宾OPV，结果证明该疫苗安全、免疫原性高且具有保护作用。1960年春季，在前捷克斯洛伐克，约93%的儿童在全国范围内的大规模运动中接种了OPV。1960年下半年未报告麻痹性脊髓灰质炎病例。1961年全年也是如此，这是我国脊髓灰质炎消除历史时期的第一年。
