Sautter F J, McDermott B E, Cornwell J, Black F W, Borges A, Johnson J, O'Neill P
Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112-2632, USA.
Psychiatry Res. 1994 Oct;54(1):37-49. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(94)90063-9.
This study was designed to identify the types of neuropsychological deficits that are unique to familial and nonfamilial forms of schizophrenia. Seventy-two patients who met Research Diagnostic Criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, mainly schizophrenic, were divided into two groups on the basis of the presence or absence of a family history of psychosis. The two groups were then compared for differences on six neuropsychological parameters as well as for differences in psychotic symptoms. Multivariate analyses indicated that schizophrenic patients with a family history of psychosis showed significantly higher levels of overall neuropsychological deficit and significantly greater deficits on tests of motor-control and abstraction and problem-solving. Factor analyses indicate that schizophrenic patients with a family history of psychosis show a pattern of specific neuropsychological deficits, while schizophrenic patients without a family history show a pattern of more consistent cognitive deficits. The results of this study indicate that recent-onset schizophrenic patients with and without a family history of psychosis show distinctly different patterns of neuropsychological dysfunction. These data suggest that abnormalities in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nonprimary motor areas may be associated with an increased familial risk for psychotic disorder.
本研究旨在确定家族性和非家族性精神分裂症所特有的神经心理学缺陷类型。72名符合精神分裂症或分裂情感性障碍研究诊断标准的患者（主要为精神分裂症患者），根据有无精神病家族史分为两组。然后比较两组在六个神经心理学参数上的差异以及精神病症状的差异。多变量分析表明，有精神病家族史的精神分裂症患者总体神经心理学缺陷水平显著更高，在运动控制、抽象和解决问题测试中的缺陷也显著更大。因素分析表明，有精神病家族史的精神分裂症患者表现出特定的神经心理学缺陷模式，而无家族史的精神分裂症患者表现出更一致的认知缺陷模式。本研究结果表明，近期发病的有和无精神病家族史的精神分裂症患者表现出明显不同的神经心理功能障碍模式。这些数据表明，背外侧前额叶皮质和非初级运动区的异常可能与精神病性障碍的家族风险增加有关。
