De Bock R
Bone Marrow Transplant. 1994;14 Suppl 5:S1-2.
Infections and graft-versus-host disease are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Bacterial infections can nowadays be treated effectively in most instances. The prophylactic and therapeutic armamentarium for viral infections is improving. Fungal infections on the contrary remain a major obstacle for successful outcome in the transplant situation. Invasive fungal infections are mainly caused by Candida and Aspergillus spp. and more seldom by Mucor, Trichosporon and Fusarium. Invasive fungal infections are notoriously difficult to diagnose early and effective non-toxic treatments are still out of reach. Prophylaxis for Candida albicans has become more effective with new triazoles but for species other than albicans and for Aspergillus spp. prophylaxis still remains a major problem. Better treatment modalities, more effective prophylaxis and better knowledge of risk factors are urgently needed. The recently created Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group of the EORTC chaired by Professor F. Meunier runs different surveys to investigate the incidence and nature of invasive fungal infections in cancer patients and in BMT. The group runs different clinical trials on the prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections.
感染和移植物抗宿主病是骨髓移植（BMT）中发病和死亡的主要原因。如今，大多数情况下细菌感染都能得到有效治疗。针对病毒感染的预防和治疗手段正在不断改进。相反，真菌感染仍然是移植成功的主要障碍。侵袭性真菌感染主要由念珠菌和曲霉菌引起，毛霉菌、丝孢酵母菌和镰刀菌引起的情况较少。侵袭性真菌感染 notoriously 难以早期诊断，有效的无毒治疗方法仍遥不可及。新型三唑类药物使白色念珠菌的预防更有效，但对于白色念珠菌以外的菌种和曲霉菌种，预防仍然是一个主要问题。迫切需要更好的治疗方式、更有效的预防措施以及对危险因素的更深入了解。由F. 默尼耶教授担任主席的欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织（EORTC）最近成立的侵袭性真菌感染合作小组开展了不同的调查，以研究癌症患者和骨髓移植患者中侵袭性真菌感染的发生率和性质。该小组针对侵袭性真菌感染的预防和治疗开展了不同的临床试验。
