Johns C, Graham J
J Nurs Manag. 1994 Nov;2(6):253-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.1994.tb00166.x.
Reflective practice offers a way to structure learning within supervision by paying attention to aspects of practice within reflected experiences, in such ways that the issues can be identified, understood, and worked through to resolve contradictions between desired outcomes and actual practice. In this process, emerging personal knowledge of practice is juxtaposed with relevant theory in such a way that the manager is able to meaningfully assimilate theory into his or her practice as appropriate. This paper illustrates how an H-grade unit nurse manager identified a number of situational management issues through reflecting and sharing experiences in a group clinical supervision milieu (over a period of 15 weeks). Clinical supervision is being advocated as a means to ensure practitioner development of effective practice (Vision for the Future, Department of Health 1993).
反思性实践提供了一种在督导过程中构建学习的方式，即通过关注反思经验中的实践方面，以便能够识别、理解并解决期望结果与实际实践之间的矛盾。在这个过程中，新出现的个人实践知识与相关理论并列，使管理者能够在适当的时候将理论有意义地融入其实践中。本文阐述了一位H级病房护士经理如何通过在小组临床督导环境中（为期15周）反思和分享经验，识别出一些情境管理问题。临床督导被倡导为确保从业者发展有效实践的一种手段（《未来愿景》，卫生部，1993年）。
