Jacobsson G, Meister B
Department of Neuroscience, Berzelius Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Mol Cell Neurosci. 1994 Dec;5(6):658-77. doi: 10.1006/mcne.1994.1080.
Hexokinase I (ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) is the first enzyme required in the metabolism of glucose in the central nervous system and plays a major role in regulation of the cerebral glycolytic rate. The distribution of hexokinase I mRNA was examined throughout the central nervous system of the rat by use of oligonucleotide probes and in situ hybridization histochemistry. In the rhinencephalon, strong hexokinase I mRNA labeling was demonstrated in the glomerular, mitral, internal granular, and internal plexiform layers, whereas the olfactory nerve, external plexiform, and subependymal layers and ependyma were devoid of labeling. Within the telencephalon, strong labeling was present in all layers (with the exception of the molecular layer) of the cerebral cortex, in the septum, in CA1-4 and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and in several amygdaloid nuclei. There was only weak labeling in the nucleus accumbens and caudate putamen. In the diencephalon, there was in general a strong labeling in the epithalamus, in several thalamic nuclei, including the anteriodorsal, anterioventral, anteriomedial, reticular, paravetricular, intermediodorsal, anteriomedial, interanteriomedial, rhomboid, reuniens, and parafascicular thalamic nuclei. Several hypothalamic regions, including the subfornical organ, the medial preoptic area, the suprachiasmatic, supraoptic, paraventricular, dorsomedial, ventromedial nuclei, and the zona incerta, were strongly labeled. In the mesencephalon, there was particularly strong labeling in the pars compacta and reticulata of the substantia nigra, central gray, and red nucleus, in the Darkschewitsch nucleus, and in the medial accessory oculomotor nucleus. In the rhombencephalon, there was strong hybridization in all raphe nuclei, pontine, tegmental, lateral parabrachial, olivary nuclei, and several cranial motor nuclei. All neurons of the locus ceruleus were heavily labeled. Very strong labeling was present in Purkinje and granular cells of the cerebellar cortex. Neurons of the medulla oblongata area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, reticular nucleus, nucleus cuneatus and several motor nuclei were strongly labeled. In the spinal cord, labeled cells were present in all laminae, and also neurons of the dorsal root ganglion were heavily labeled. Hexokinase I mRNA was also demonstrated in the epithelium lining the the choroid plexus. In the E15 fetus, very strong labeling was seen in the liver, heart, and trigeminal ganglion, with less intense labeling in in the brain and other tissues having more moderate labeling. Administration of 2% saline as drinking water resulted in a marked increase in hexokinase I mRNA in the magnocellular neurons of the supraoptics and paraventricular nuclei. In summary, the results show extensive neuronal distribution of hexokinase I mRNA with regional differences in the expression pattern.
己糖激酶I（ATP：D-己糖6-磷酸转移酶，EC 2.7.1.1）是中枢神经系统葡萄糖代谢所需的第一种酶，在调节脑糖酵解速率中起主要作用。利用寡核苷酸探针和原位杂交组织化学技术，在大鼠中枢神经系统中检测了己糖激酶I mRNA的分布。在嗅脑，在肾小球层、二尖瓣层、内颗粒层和内丛状层中显示出强烈的己糖激酶I mRNA标记，而嗅神经、外丛状层、室管膜下层和室管膜则没有标记。在端脑内，大脑皮层的所有层（分子层除外）、隔区、海马的CA1-4和齿状回以及几个杏仁核中都有强烈的标记。伏隔核和尾状壳核中只有微弱的标记。在间脑，上丘脑、几个丘脑核团，包括前背侧、前腹侧、前内侧、网状、室旁、中间背侧、前内侧、中间前内侧、菱形、连合和束旁丘脑核团，通常有强烈的标记。几个下丘脑区域，包括穹窿下器官、内侧视前区、视交叉上核、视上核、室旁核、背内侧核、腹内侧核和未定带，都有强烈的标记。在中脑，黑质致密部和网状部、中央灰质、红核、达克谢维奇核和内侧动眼神经副核中有特别强烈的标记。在菱脑，所有的中缝核、脑桥核、被盖核、外侧臂旁核、橄榄核和几个脑神经运动核中都有强烈的杂交信号。蓝斑的所有神经元都有大量标记。小脑皮层的浦肯野细胞和颗粒细胞中有非常强烈的标记。延髓最后区、孤束核、网状核、楔束核和几个运动核的神经元有强烈的标记。在脊髓中，所有板层都有标记细胞，背根神经节的神经元也有大量标记。己糖激酶I mRNA也在脉络丛衬里的上皮细胞中得到证实。在E15胎儿中，肝脏、心脏和三叉神经节中有非常强烈的标记，大脑中的标记较弱，其他组织中的标记更中等。给予2%的盐水作为饮用水导致视上核和室旁核的大细胞神经元中己糖激酶I mRNA显著增加。总之，结果表明己糖激酶I mRNA在神经元中广泛分布，表达模式存在区域差异。
