Lops V R, Hunter L P, Dixon L R
University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 1995 Apr;51(5):1189-97.
Anemia is the most common hematologic complication of pregnancy and is associated with increased rates of premature birth, low birth weight and perinatal mortality. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia, and most pregnant women benefit from daily supplementation of 30 to 60 mg of elemental iron. Folic acid deficiency, the most common cause of megaloblastic anemia in pregnancy, is associated with open neural tube defects and other complications. It is recommended that daily supplementation with 4 mg of folic acid be started at least one month before conception and continued through the first trimester. Other less common causes of anemia include glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, sickle cell trait and disease, and the thalassemias. The primary care provider should emphasize risk evaluation, dietary and preconceptual counseling, testing and appropriate treatment.
贫血是妊娠最常见的血液学并发症，与早产、低出生体重和围产期死亡率增加有关。缺铁是贫血最常见的原因，大多数孕妇每日补充30至60毫克元素铁会受益。叶酸缺乏是妊娠巨幼细胞贫血最常见的原因，与开放性神经管缺陷及其他并发症有关。建议在受孕前至少1个月开始每日补充4毫克叶酸，并持续至孕早期。贫血的其他较不常见原因包括葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏、镰状细胞性状和疾病以及地中海贫血。初级保健提供者应强调风险评估、饮食和孕前咨询、检测及适当治疗。
