Jongejan F, Uilenberg G
Department of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Rev Sci Tech. 1994 Dec;13(4):1201-26. doi: 10.20506/rst.13.4.818.
Ticks are the most important ectoparasites of livestock in tropical and sub-tropical areas, and are responsible for severe economic losses both through the direct effects of blood sucking and indirectly as vectors of pathogens and toxins. Feeding by large numbers of ticks causes reduction in live weight gain and anaemia among domestic animals, while tick bites also reduce the quality of hides. However, the major losses caused by ticks are due to the ability to transmit protozoan, rickettsial and viral diseases of livestock, which are of great economic importance world-wide. The authors review general aspects of tick biology, the taxonomy, pathogenic effects and vector role of these species, and methods for the control of ticks. The distribution of ticks is continuously changing, as illustrated by the spread of the African tick Amblyomma variegatum in the Caribbean, where a large-scale eradication campaign is now under way.
蜱虫是热带和亚热带地区家畜最重要的体表寄生虫，通过吸血的直接影响以及作为病原体和毒素的传播媒介间接造成严重的经济损失。大量蜱虫叮咬会导致家畜体重增加减少和贫血，同时蜱虫叮咬还会降低兽皮质量。然而，蜱虫造成的主要损失是由于其能够传播家畜的原生动物、立克次氏体和病毒疾病，这些疾病在全球范围内具有重大经济意义。作者综述了蜱虫生物学的一般方面、这些物种的分类学、致病作用和传播媒介作用，以及蜱虫的控制方法。蜱虫的分布在不断变化，如非洲蜱虫变异革蜱在加勒比地区的传播所示，目前该地区正在开展大规模根除行动。
