Brentari D, Poizner H, Kegl J
Linguistics Department, University of California, Davis 95616-8685, USA.
Brain Lang. 1995 Jan;48(1):69-105. doi: 10.1006/brln.1995.1003.
Since movements of the articulators in sign, unlike in speech, are directly observable, we can investigate signing not only as linguistic behavior but also as motor behavior and directly contrast linguistic-representational and motor-execution disorders of signing. We compared the temporal sequencing characteristics (duration of segments, pausing, periods of change in handshape posture), intactness of distinctive features, and correct use of prosodic templates in three pairs of signers--two Deaf aphasic signers with posterior damage in the left hemisphere, two signers with Parkinson's disease, and two gender- and age-matched control signers. With respect to distinctive features, the aphasic signers exhibited selection errors in the American Sign Language (ASL) distinctive features system, while the Parkinsonian signers showed an intact distinctive feature inventory, but with disturbances in executing these features. The Parkinsonian signers, unlike the aphasic and control signers, showed marked disturbances in the temporal organization and coordination of what we argue are the two subsystems of the ASL sign stream--handshape and movement. The findings demonstrate a phonetic deficit in Parkinsonian signers, in contrast with aphasic signers who showed a disruption in the underlying representation and syllabification processes in the language.
由于与言语不同，手语中发音器官的动作是可以直接观察到的，所以我们不仅可以将手语作为语言行为来研究，还可以将其作为运动行为来研究，并直接对比手语中语言表征和运动执行方面的障碍。我们比较了三对手语使用者的时间序列特征（片段持续时间、停顿、手型姿势变化期）、区别特征的完整性以及韵律模板的正确使用情况，这三对分别是：两名左半球后部受损的失聪失语手语使用者、两名患有帕金森病的手语使用者以及两名性别和年龄匹配的对照手语使用者。在区别特征方面，失语手语使用者在美国手语区别特征系统中表现出选择错误，而帕金森病手语使用者的区别特征清单完整，但在执行这些特征时存在障碍。与失语和对照手语使用者不同，帕金森病手语使用者在我们认为的美国手语手势流的两个子系统——手型和动作——的时间组织和协调方面表现出明显障碍。研究结果表明，帕金森病手语使用者存在语音缺陷，这与失语手语使用者不同，后者在语言的底层表征和音节划分过程中出现了紊乱。
