Oxidative stress and malaria-infected erythrocytes.

This paper presents several mechanisms/pathways by which oxidative stress could cause damage to the parasites. During developmental stages of plasmodia profound alterations of the structure and function of host erythrocytes take place, in order to support the development and/or survival of the parasite. In addition an oxidant stress is also induced by the parasite. There is also an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the parasite. This may deplete the erythrocyte of its defense mechanisms namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, NADPH, NADH, glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase etc. Thus oxidative stress may be exerted by the growing parasite in red blood cells which are highly sensitive to such a challenge. These enhanced alterations may result in a retarded development of the parasite. Thus, the coexistence of both parasite and erythrocyte is a matter of a delicate balance. However, one cannot rule out the role of external modulations (immune pressure) inhibiting the vitality of the parasites.