Bermudez L E
Kuzell Institute for Arthritis and Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute of San Francisco, Pacific Presbyterian Medical Center, CA.
Immunobiology. 1994 Oct;191(4-5):578-83. doi: 10.1016/S0171-2985(11)80465-1.
Infections caused by organisms of the genus mycobacteria, such as tuberculosis M. avium disseminated infection in AIDS patients and leprosy, are extremely common around the world. Mycobacteria are intracellular organisms that invade and multiply chiefly within phagocytic cells. Antibiotic resistance among mycobacteria is a growing concern. M. tuberculosis resistant to INH and rifampin are increasing in major urban centers of the developed and in the developing world. M. avium is characteristically resistant to most anti-tuberculosis antibiotics. Furthermore, therapy of mycobacterial infections takes a long time and most of the drugs have potential side effects and toxicity. In addition, mycobacteria is found within cells and antimicrobials need to be able to achieve adequate concentration within the compartment where mycobacteria is located. Liposome preparations, containing antibiotics, have a theoretical advantage in being able to deliver high concentrations of antimicrobials into the infected cell. Studies done thus far, in vitro and in vivo, have confirmed this premise, when comparing drug entrapped in liposomes with free drug. This paper summarizes the results obtained using liposome preparations to treat mycobacterial infections.
由分枝杆菌属微生物引起的感染，如结核病、艾滋病患者的播散性鸟分枝杆菌感染和麻风病，在世界各地极为常见。分枝杆菌是细胞内微生物，主要在吞噬细胞内侵入并繁殖。分枝杆菌的抗生素耐药性日益受到关注。对异烟肼和利福平耐药的结核分枝杆菌在发达国家和发展中国家的主要城市中心都在增加。鸟分枝杆菌对大多数抗结核抗生素具有特征性耐药性。此外，分枝杆菌感染的治疗需要很长时间，并且大多数药物都有潜在的副作用和毒性。此外，分枝杆菌存在于细胞内，抗菌药物需要能够在分枝杆菌所在的隔室内达到足够的浓度。含有抗生素的脂质体制剂在能够将高浓度抗菌药物递送至感染细胞方面具有理论优势。迄今为止，在体外和体内进行的研究在将脂质体包裹的药物与游离药物进行比较时证实了这一前提。本文总结了使用脂质体制剂治疗分枝杆菌感染所获得的结果。
