Gardner M R
Int J Psychoanal. 1994 Dec;75 ( Pt 5-6):927-37.
In this paper, the author has tried to illustrate a few of the long, tortuous, and illusive workings by which an analyst, in constructing the configurations called 'facts', tries to combine the perspectives, traditions, and methods of humanism and science, and to move from the subjectivities of observation, character, experience, and theory toward the goal of a relatively informed subjectivity. He has tried in particular to illustrate: (1) Characteristic sequences of trial and error, and some events of observation of self and other, that lead again and again to corrections, modifications, and expansions of our previous constructions of 'facts'. (2) Aspects of our struggles to find ways to be guided by our theories and our other suppositions and predilections, but to the degree possible, when possible, not driven. (3) Aspects of a personal perspective--attention to a patient's hidden questions--by which the author tries to identify facts of the surface that may help him to help his patients to advance their self inquiries and to bridge to some facts of the depths that have contributed to the shape of those facts of the surface.
在本文中，作者试图阐明分析师在构建所谓“事实”的结构时所经历的一些漫长、曲折且难以捉摸的过程，这些过程涉及将人文主义和科学的视角、传统及方法相结合，并从观察、性格、经验和理论的主观性迈向相对明智的主观性这一目标。他尤其试图阐明：（1）反复尝试与纠错的典型序列，以及一些自我观察和他人观察的事件，这些不断促使我们对先前构建的“事实”进行修正、调整和扩充。（2）我们努力寻找方法，以受理论及其他假设和偏好指引，但尽可能在可行时不受其驱使的程度。（3）一种个人视角的几个方面——关注患者隐藏的问题——通过这一视角，作者试图识别表面现象中的事实，这些事实可能有助于他帮助患者推进自我探究，并通向一些深层事实，而正是这些深层事实塑造了表面事实。
