Landais P, Besson C, Jais J P
Laboratoire de Biostatistique et d'Informatique médicale, Hôpital Necker, Paris.
J Radiol. 1995 Feb-Mar;76(2-3):I-X.
Evaluating a new diagnostic test is an essential step required before using a new examination technique. The information concerning the disease provided by the test must be examined in terms of diagnostic value and cost. A test can be evaluated using several indexes. For tests giving binary results, the main information indexes were defined and the calculation of the index was illustrated by an example. The sensitivity, specificity, the Youden index, and the positive and negative predictive values were presented together with the likelihood and odds-ratio. For tests giving quantitative results, the analysis of the ROC curves was discussed. Indexes were interpreted in terms of disease prevalence, the modalities (diagnosis, screening) for applying the test, the sampling technique for the tested population, the gain in diagnosis, and cost of the examination.
评估一项新的诊断测试是在使用新的检查技术之前所需的关键步骤。必须从诊断价值和成本方面来审视该测试所提供的有关疾病的信息。一项测试可以使用多个指标进行评估。对于给出二元结果的测试，定义了主要信息指标，并通过一个例子说明了指标的计算方法。同时给出了灵敏度、特异性、约登指数、阳性和阴性预测值以及似然比和优势比。对于给出定量结果的测试，讨论了ROC曲线分析。根据疾病患病率、应用该测试的方式（诊断、筛查）、受试人群的抽样技术、诊断获益以及检查成本对各项指标进行了解读。
