Dawson D J, Cheah D F, Chew W K, Haverkort F C, Lumb R, Sievers A S
Laboratory of Microbiology and Pathology, Queensland Health, Brisbane.
Med J Aust. 1995 Mar 20;162(6):287-90. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb139901.x.
To collate statistics, including drug susceptibility, of patients with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis in Australia during 1989-1992.
Collaborative project among the five Australian mycobacterial reference laboratories.
2509 Australian residents with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis.
Patient and specimen data, and drug susceptibility results recorded for isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis.
The annual incidence during 1989-1992 was about 3.6 per 100,000. The male-to-female ratio was 1.4:1 and about half the patients were under 50. Older men had high rates of disease. Lymphatic disease was significantly more common in females; the converse was true for pulmonary and pleural disease. Resistance to at least one of the common antituberculosis drugs was detected in 14.4% of isolates, and usually involved streptomycin (7.6%) and isoniazid (8.4%). Fewer than 1% of isolates were resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin in combination.
By international standards, Australia remains a "low-incidence" country for tuberculosis, with a static annual incidence. Multiple drug resistance is uncommon and most patients should respond to the standard four-drug regimen. Nevertheless, because clinical data confirm that the pool of infected persons is being supplemented through immigration, and that certain population subgroups have high rates of disease, it is essential that Australia maintain effective control programs.
整理1989 - 1992年期间澳大利亚细菌学确诊肺结核患者的统计数据，包括药敏情况。
澳大利亚五个分枝杆菌参考实验室之间的合作项目。
2509名澳大利亚细菌学确诊肺结核居民。
记录的结核分枝杆菌和牛分枝杆菌分离株的患者及标本数据，以及药敏结果。
1989 - 1992年期间的年发病率约为每10万人3.6例。男女比例为1.4:1，约一半患者年龄在50岁以下。老年男性发病率较高。女性淋巴系统疾病明显更为常见；肺部和胸膜疾病则相反。14.4%的分离株检测到对至少一种常用抗结核药物耐药，通常涉及链霉素（7.6%）和异烟肼（8.4%）。不到1%的分离株对异烟肼和利福平联合耐药。
按照国际标准，澳大利亚仍是结核病“低发病率”国家，年发病率稳定。多重耐药并不常见，大多数患者应能对标准的四联药物疗法产生反应。然而，由于临床数据证实感染人群通过移民得到补充，且某些人群亚组发病率较高，澳大利亚必须维持有效的控制项目。
