Stovall M, Blackwell C R, Cundiff J, Novack D H, Palta J R, Wagner L K, Webster E W, Shalek R J
Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
Med Phys. 1995 Jan;22(1):63-82. doi: 10.1118/1.597525.
Approximately 4000 women per year in the United States require radiotherapy during pregnancy. This report presents data and techniques that allow the medical physicist to estimate the radiation dose the fetus will receive and to reduce this dose with appropriate shielding. Out-of-beam data are presented for a variety of photon beams, including cobalt-60 gamma rays and x rays from 4 to 18 MV. Designs for simple and inexpensive to more complex and expensive types of shielding equipment are described. Clinical examples show that proper shielding can reduce the radiation dose to the fetus by 50%. In addition, a review of the biological aspects of irradiation enables estimates of the risks of lethality, growth retardation, mental retardation, malformation, sterility, cancer induction, and genetic defects to the fetus.
在美国，每年约有4000名女性在孕期需要接受放射治疗。本报告介绍了相关数据和技术，可使医学物理学家估算胎儿将接受的辐射剂量，并通过适当的屏蔽措施降低该剂量。文中给出了多种光子束的射野外数据，包括钴-60伽马射线以及4至18兆伏的X射线。描述了从简单廉价到复杂昂贵等不同类型屏蔽设备的设计。临床实例表明，适当的屏蔽可将胎儿所接受的辐射剂量降低50%。此外，对辐射生物学方面的综述有助于估算胎儿致死、生长发育迟缓、智力迟钝、畸形、不育、诱发癌症以及遗传缺陷等风险。
