Yokoyama Y, Shimizu T, Hayakawa K
Department of Public Health, Kinki University School of Medicine.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 1995 Feb;42(2):113-20.
A mailed questionnaire survey was conducted on 96 mothers of triplets to study antenatal complications in triplet pregnancies and birth weights of triplets, and compared to 122 controls recruited from mothers of twins. The following results were obtained. 1) Antenatal complications occurred in approximately 80% of both triplet and twin pregnancies. In the triplet pregnancies the incidence of toxemia of pregnancy and anemia was 25.0% and 47.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of antenatal complications, toxemia of pregnancy and anemia between triplet and twin pregnancies. On the other hand, the incidence of preterm labor and threatened miscarriage was higher in triplets (70.8% and 34.4% respectively) than in twin pregnancies (45.9% and 12.3% respectively). 2) The mean birth weight was 1831.7 g for each individual triplet and 5495.0 g for each triplet set. In triplets, 94.7% were low in birth weight (< 2500 g). 3) The antenatal complications of preterm labor and threatened miscarriage in triplet pregnancies have increased since 1990 in Japan. The frequency of toxemia of pregnancy and anemia did not particularly change significantly during the surveyed years. However, mean birth weight for each individual triplet showed a tendency to decrease from year to year (1978-1989, 1934.5 g; 1990-1991, 1900.3 g; 1992-1993, 1741.1 g).
对96名三胞胎母亲进行了邮寄问卷调查，以研究三胞胎妊娠的产前并发症及三胞胎的出生体重，并与从双胞胎母亲中招募的122名对照者进行比较。得到以下结果。1）三胞胎和双胞胎妊娠中约80%都出现了产前并发症。在三胞胎妊娠中，妊娠中毒症和贫血的发生率分别为25.0%和47.9%。三胞胎妊娠和双胞胎妊娠在产前并发症、妊娠中毒症和贫血的发生率上没有显著差异。另一方面，三胞胎早产和先兆流产的发生率（分别为70.8%和34.4%）高于双胞胎妊娠（分别为45.9%和12.3%）。2）每个三胞胎个体的平均出生体重为1831.7克，每组三胞胎的平均出生体重为5495.0克。在三胞胎中，94.7%出生体重低（<2500克）。3）自1990年以来，日本三胞胎妊娠的早产和先兆流产等产前并发症有所增加。在调查年份期间，妊娠中毒症和贫血的发生率没有特别明显的变化。然而，每个三胞胎个体的平均出生体重呈逐年下降趋势（1978 - 1989年，1934.5克；1990 - 1991年，1900.3克；1992 - 1993年，1741.1克）。
