Bunting P S, Goldberg D M
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Clin Chim Acta. 1994 Dec 31;232(1-2):63-84. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(94)90163-5.
The Canadian Health Care System is operated governmentally at the provincial level although the costs and benefits are similar in every province. Most physicians are remunerated on the 'charge per service' basis, but laboratory physicians (including medical biochemists) are among the few who are remunerated by salary. The training of medical biochemists is regulated by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada by means of a residency program of 4 years duration, following graduation from medical school and completion of the required internship. The training of clinical biochemists, whose functions overlap many of those attributable to medical biochemists, is regulated by the recently created Canadian Academy of Clinical Biochemistry through a certification process incorporating written and oral examinations approximately 1 year apart. Recognized and accredited training programs for clinical biochemists exist in several medical schools: these courses are of 2 (occasionally 3) years duration and entry to these programs requires a Ph.D. and, preferably, some post-graduate research experience. Details of both medical and clinical biochemistry training programs reveal a difference in emphasis and duration rather than in course content, with medical trainees required to spend at least 1 of their 4 training years in clinical disciplines relevant to the practise of biochemistry.
加拿大医疗保健系统在省级层面由政府运营，尽管每个省份的成本和效益相似。大多数医生按“每项服务收费”的方式获得报酬，但实验室医生（包括医学生物化学家）是少数按薪水获得报酬的人。医学生物化学家的培训由加拿大皇家内科医师和外科医师学院通过为期4年的住院医师培训计划进行规范，该计划在医学院毕业后并完成所需的实习后开展。临床生物化学家的职能与医学生物化学家的许多职能重叠，其培训由最近成立的加拿大临床生物化学学会通过一个认证过程进行规范，该认证过程包括相隔约1年的书面和口头考试。几所医学院校设有认可和认证的临床生物化学家培训项目：这些课程为期2年（偶尔为3年），进入这些项目需要拥有博士学位，最好还有一些研究生研究经验。医学生物化学和临床生物化学培训项目的细节显示，两者在重点和时长上存在差异，而非课程内容，医学生物化学培训学员在其4年培训中至少要有1年时间用于与生物化学实践相关的临床学科。
