Voyer D, Voyer S, Bryden M P
Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Psychol Bull. 1995 Mar;117(2):250-70. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.250.
In recent years, the magnitude, consistency, and stability across time of cognitive sex differences have been questioned. The present study examined these issues in the context of spatial abilities. A meta-analysis of 286 effect sizes from a variety of spatial ability measures was conducted. Effect sizes were partitioned by the specific test used and by a number of variables related to the experimental procedure in order to achieve homogeneity. Results showed that sex differences are significant in several tests but that some intertest differences exist. Partial support was found for the notion that the magnitude of sex differences has decreased in recent years. Finally, it was found that the age of emergence of sex differences depends on the test used. Results are discussed with regard to their implications for the study of sex differences in spatial abilities.
近年来，认知性别差异在规模、一致性和随时间的稳定性方面受到了质疑。本研究在空间能力的背景下考察了这些问题。对来自各种空间能力测量的286个效应量进行了元分析。效应量按所使用的具体测试以及与实验程序相关的一些变量进行划分，以实现同质性。结果表明，在几项测试中性别差异显著，但测试之间存在一些差异。对于近年来性别差异的规模有所减小这一观点，研究结果提供了部分支持。最后发现，性别差异出现的年龄取决于所使用的测试。文中讨论了这些结果对空间能力性别差异研究的启示。
