Vaylet F, Allard P, Natali F, Marotel C, L'Her P
Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées D. Larrey, Versailles.
Rev Pneumol Clin. 1994;50(3):106-15.
A major health threat in developing countries, the incidence of tuberculosis has decreased steadily in Western countries over the last century. However, since 1986, first in the United States, then more recently in several European countries, the number of declared cases has increased. The current epidemiology of tuberculosis is presented with special emphasis on French data. The possible causes of this revival have been carefully analyzed: better registration, role of immunodepression and particularly the HIV epidemic, geographical origin, drug abuse, poor living conditions.... Based on the description of resistant forms and the observations of hospital epidemics, particularly in the United States and in patients with HIV infection, curative and preventive measures may and must be undertaken whenever a case of tuberculosis is observed.
结核病是发展中国家的主要健康威胁，在过去一个世纪里，西方国家的结核病发病率稳步下降。然而，自1986年以来，先是在美国，随后在一些欧洲国家，报告的病例数有所增加。本文特别强调法国的数据，介绍了结核病的当前流行病学情况。已仔细分析了这种复苏的可能原因：登记改善、免疫抑制的作用，尤其是艾滋病流行、地理来源、药物滥用、生活条件差……根据对抗药形式的描述以及对医院疫情的观察，特别是在美国和艾滋病毒感染患者中，一旦发现结核病病例，就可以而且必须采取治疗和预防措施。
