Cellular and subcellular localization of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors in the mammalian peripheral vestibular system.

The cellular and subcellular distribution of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors in the mammalian peripheral vestibular system was examined using antibodies against peptides corresponding to the C-terminal portions of AMPA receptor subunits: GluR1, GluR2/R3 and GluR4. The light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical studies were carried out on Vibratome sections of rat and guinea pig vestibular sensory epithelial and ganglia. In the epithelium, GluR1 subunit immunoreactivity appeared as accumulations of patches outlining the baso-lateral periphery of the type I sensory cells. The GluR1-immunoreactive microareas were postsynaptically distributed on the membranes of calyceal afferent fibers. GluR2/R3 immunoreactivity was present in the sensory cells. GluR4 was not detected. In the vestibular ganglion, the neurons were densely stained with antibodies to GluR2/R3 and GluR4. The fibroblasts and the Schwann cells were also intensely stained with antibodies to GluR2/R3 and GluR4. In the sensory cells, the AMPA receptors, GluR2/R3, may function as (1) autoreceptors controlling afferent neurotransmitter release or (2) 'postsynaptic' receptors activated by the neurotransmitter release of the afferent calyx. The detection of GluR1 at postsynaptic sites in the afferent fibers provides anatomical evidence for the role of glutamate as a neurotransmitter of sensory cells. In the ganglion neurons, GluR2/R3 and GluR4 may represent reserve intracytoplasmic pools of receptor subunits in transit to the postsynaptic sites. In the Schwann cells, GluR2/R3 and GluR4 may be involved in neuronal-glial signalling at the nodes of Ranvier.