Coura J R, Junqueira A C, Giordano C M, Funatsu R K
Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1994 Jul-Aug;36(4):363-8. doi: 10.1590/s0036-46651994000400009.
At least eighteen species of triatominae have been found in the Brazilian Amazon, nine of them naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi or "cruzi-like" trypanosomes and associated with numerous wild reservoirs. Despite the small number of human cases of Chagas' disease described to date in the Brazilian Amazon the risk that the disease will become endemic in this area is increasing for the following reasons: a) uncontrolled deforestation and colonization altering the ecological balance between reservoir hosts and wild vectors; b) the adaptation of reservoir hosts of T. cruzi and wild vectors to peripheral and intradomiciliary areas, as the sole feeding alternative; c) migration of infected human population from endemic areas, accompanied by domestic reservoir hosts (dogs and cats) or accidentally carrying in their baggage vectors already adapted to the domestic habitat. In short, risks that Chagas' disease will become endemic to the Amazon appear to be linked to the transposition of the wild cycle to the domestic cycle in that area or to transfer of the domestic cycle from endemic areas to the Amazon.
在巴西亚马逊地区已发现至少18种锥蝽亚科昆虫，其中9种自然感染克氏锥虫或“类克氏”锥虫，并与众多野生宿主相关。尽管到目前为止，巴西亚马逊地区报告的人类恰加斯病病例数量较少，但由于以下原因，该病在该地区成为地方病的风险正在增加：a) 不受控制的森林砍伐和殖民化改变了储存宿主与野生传播媒介之间的生态平衡；b) 克氏锥虫的储存宿主和野生传播媒介适应周边和室内区域，作为唯一的觅食选择；c) 受感染人群从流行地区迁移，同时携带家养储存宿主（狗和猫），或在行李中意外携带已适应家庭栖息地的传播媒介。简而言之，恰加斯病在亚马逊地区成为地方病的风险似乎与该地区野生传播循环向家庭传播循环的转变或家庭传播循环从流行地区转移到亚马逊有关。
