Heath A C, Cole D J, Bishop D M, Pfeffer A, Cooper S M, Risdon P
Wallaceville Animal Research Centre, AgResearch, Upper Hutt, New Zealand.
Vet Parasitol. 1995 Jan;56(1-3):239-54. doi: 10.1016/0304-4017(94)00659-z.
A defect of sheep pelts known as cockle, detectable after depilation, but usually first noted only in the pickled pelt or tanned stage of processing, was studied to establish causal factor(s) and effective treatments. In addition, data on the histology and seasonal prevalence of the disease were obtained. Samples collected soon after slaughter from pelts identified at the pickled pelt stage as having cockle, had a superficial dermatitis with infiltration of eosinophils. This may represent an immediate hypersensitivity reaction of the sheep to lice. Treatments of sheep with either insecticides, disinfectants or shearing showed that where biting lice (Bovicola ovis) were removed, cockle lesions had either disappeared or regressed on pickled pelts. In Trial 1 diazinon reduced cockle prevalence and severity substantially; cypermethrin had a less pronounced effect. In Trial 2 diazinon, cypermethrin, Hibitane and Savlon were equally effective in reducing biting louse numbers as shown by counts of lice at 35 and 63 days post-treatment. Reduction of cockle on pelts from sheep slaughtered at 39 days post-treatment was achieved best by both diazinon and shearing. Examination of other pelts at 67 days post-treatment showed diazinon and Hibitane to be equally effective in reducing cockle. Furthermore, shearing in the absence of insecticides reduced the severity and extent of lesions on cockled pelts. The diazinon excipient and zinc sulphate were consistently poor at removing lice and reducing cockle prevalence and severity. The results have important implications for the leather industry in that shearing and good dipping practice with appropriate chemicals at the right time can lead to improved pelt quality. However, an incentive scheme for farmers, and a means of identifying individual pelts to the farms or origin, are both necessary before a marked improvement is likely to occur.
一种被称为“起皱”的绵羊皮缺陷，在脱毛后即可检测到，但通常在腌制皮或鞣制加工阶段才首次被注意到。对其进行了研究，以确定致病因素和有效治疗方法。此外，还获得了有关该病组织学和季节性流行情况的数据。在腌制皮阶段被鉴定为患有“起皱”的羊皮，在屠宰后不久采集的样本显示有嗜酸性粒细胞浸润的浅表性皮炎。这可能代表绵羊对虱子的即时过敏反应。用杀虫剂、消毒剂或剪毛对绵羊进行处理表明，去除咬虱（牛虱）后，腌制皮上的“起皱”病变要么消失，要么消退。在试验1中，二嗪农显著降低了“起皱”的发生率和严重程度；氯氰菊酯的效果则不太明显。在试验2中，二嗪农、氯氰菊酯、洗必泰（氯己定）和舒肤佳在治疗后35天和63天的虱子计数显示，它们在减少咬虱数量方面同样有效。在治疗后39天宰杀的绵羊皮上，二嗪农和剪毛对减少“起皱”的效果最佳。在治疗后67天对其他羊皮的检查表明，二嗪农和洗必泰在减少“起皱”方面同样有效。此外，在不使用杀虫剂的情况下剪毛可降低“起皱”皮上病变的严重程度和范围。二嗪农辅料和硫酸锌在去除虱子以及降低“起皱”的发生率和严重程度方面一直效果不佳。这些结果对皮革行业具有重要意义，因为适时进行剪毛并使用合适的化学品进行良好的浸渍处理可提高羊皮质量。然而，在可能实现显著改善之前，需要为农民制定激励计划，并找到一种将个体羊皮与农场或产地进行识别的方法。
