[Study on color misnaming among the congenital color vision anomalous--Part 1. The tendency in color misnomer].

I report the hue and the color misnomers of 16 subjects with protanopia (color misnomers: 500) and 66 subjects of deutanopia (color misnomers: 2,056), and the color misnomers used by over 10 subjects each and their numbers. Green was the most frequent misnomer, followed by grey, yellow-green, purple, and brown. The deutanopia patients frequently used the Munsell color notation RP for grey. Many of the subjects who misnamed 11 times or more failed the Panel D-15 test. They were diagnosed as having strong color anomaly in the Ohkuma isochromatic plates and in the Tokyo Medical College isochromatic plates. The misnomers were most frequent among the neighboring hues. The severer the anomaly, the further the separation from the test color, and then the misnomers crossed the achromatic confusion line. Judging from the misnomer variation, the color sense of color anomaly does not necessarily seem to be constant. Moreover, liaison was noticed among red, brown, green, or occasionally purple in terms of misnaming pattern. Grey and pink were also linked in misnaming. Lightness was considered to play a strong role in these confusions.