Gurmarin inhibition of sweet taste responses in mice.

The inhibitory effects of gurmarin (a peptide isolated from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre) on sweet taste responses were studied by examining the chorda tympani nerve responses to various taste substances before and after lingual treatment with gurmarin in C57BL and BALB mice. Treatment with gurmarin at 3 micrograms/ml or more selectively suppressed responses to sucrose without affecting responses to NaCl, HCl, and quinine in C57BL mice, whereas gurmarin at 100 micrograms/ml did not significantly suppress sucrose responses in BALB mice. Responses to various sweet substances in C57BL mice decreased to approximately 45-75% of control after gurmarin, and the suppressive effect of gurmarin was reversible. The profile of the residual responses of C57BL mice to various sweeteners after gurmarin was almost identical to that of BALB mice, which was hardly affected by gurmarin. These results strongly suggest that there are at least two types of sweet taste receptors in mice, gurmarin-sensitive and -insensitive. Probably, C57BL and BALB mice share an identical gurmarin-insensitive receptor, and C57BL mice also have a gurmarin-sensitive receptor.