Smedley J, Egger P, Cooper C, Coggon D
MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital.
Occup Environ Med. 1995 Mar;52(3):160-3. doi: 10.1136/oem.52.3.160.
To investigate the risk factors for low back pain in hospital nurses, with particular emphasis on the role of specific nursing activities.
A cross sectional survey of 2405 nurses employed by a group of teaching hospitals was carried out. Self administered questionnaires were used to collect information about occupational activities, non-occupational risk factors for back symptoms, and history of low back pain.
The overall response rate was 69%. Among 1616 women, the lifetime prevalence of back pain was 60% and the one year period prevalence 45%. 10% had been absent from work because of back pain for a cumulative period exceeding four weeks. Rates in men were generally similar to those in women. In women back pain during the previous 12 months was weakly associated with height, and was significantly more common in those who reported frequent non-musculoskeletal symptoms such as headache and low mood. After adjustment for height and non-musculoskeletal symptoms, significant associations were found with frequency of manually moving patients around on the bed, manually transferring patients between bed and chair, and manually lifting patients from the floor. In contrast, no clear increase in risk was found in relation to transfer of patients with canvas and poles, manually lifting patients in and out of the bath, or lifting patients with mechanical aids. Confirmation of these findings is now being sought in a prospective study of the same population.
This study confirms that low back pain is highly prevalent among nurses and is associated with a high level of sickness absence. People who often report non-musculoskeletal symptoms were significantly more likely to report low back pain. Specific manual handling tasks were associated with an increased risk of back pain; however, no such association was found with mechanised patient transfers.
调查医院护士中腰痛的危险因素，特别强调特定护理活动的作用。
对一组教学医院雇用的2405名护士进行了横断面调查。采用自填式问卷收集有关职业活动、背部症状的非职业危险因素以及腰痛病史的信息。
总体应答率为69%。在1616名女性中，终生腰痛患病率为60%，一年期患病率为45%。10%的人因腰痛缺勤累计超过四周。男性的患病率一般与女性相似。在女性中，过去12个月的腰痛与身高弱相关，在报告有频繁非肌肉骨骼症状（如头痛和情绪低落）的女性中更为常见。在对身高和非肌肉骨骼症状进行调整后，发现与在床上手动移动患者、在床和椅子之间手动转移患者以及从地板上手动抬起患者的频率存在显著关联。相比之下，使用帆布和杆子转移患者、手动将患者抬进或抬出浴缸或使用机械辅助工具抬起患者，未发现风险有明显增加。目前正在对同一人群进行前瞻性研究以证实这些发现。
本研究证实腰痛在护士中非常普遍，并且与高水平的病假相关。经常报告非肌肉骨骼症状的人更有可能报告腰痛。特定的手工操作任务与背痛风险增加有关；然而，在机械辅助患者转移方面未发现此类关联。
