McDaniel M A, Einstein G O, DeLosh E L, May C P, Brady P
Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1995 Mar;21(2):422-435. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.21.2.422.
Higher recall of bizarre images relative to common images (the bizarreness effect) is consistently found when bizarreness is varied as a within-subject (mixed-list) variable. In Experiment 1, mixed lists, rather than the smaller number of bizarre sentences typically used in such lists, determined the occurrence of the bizarreness effect. Contrary to predictions from expectation-violation theory, Experiments 2 and 3 showed that manipulations designed to augment or attenuate surprise reactions to bizarre sentences had little impact on the bizarreness effect. Experiments 4 and 5 indicated that mixing affected the degree to which participants differentially encoded order information for bizarre and common items. A new account of the bizarreness effect is presented that combines considerations of distinctiveness with the differential use of order information across bizarre and common items.
当怪异程度作为被试内（混合列表）变量进行变化时，相对于常见图像，对怪异图像的回忆率更高（怪异效应）这一现象始终存在。在实验1中，是混合列表而非此类列表中通常使用的较少数量的怪异句子决定了怪异效应的出现。与违反预期理论的预测相反，实验2和3表明，旨在增强或减弱对怪异句子的惊讶反应的操作对怪异效应几乎没有影响。实验4和5表明，混合影响了参与者对怪异和常见项目的顺序信息进行差异编码的程度。本文提出了一种对怪异效应的新解释，该解释将独特性的考量与怪异和常见项目对顺序信息的差异使用相结合。
