Kainberger F, Helbich T, Youssefzadeh S, Machold K, Nehrer S, Seidl G, Imhof H
Universitätsklinik für Radiodiagnostik, Wien.
Radiologe. 1995 Feb;35(2):125-33.
Sonography of the knee is a well-established method for the diagnosis of palpable tumors. However, evaluation of the menisci, cruciate ligaments, and hyaline cartilage is controversial. Despite the variable echogenicity and extension of different diseases, many distinct sonographic signs are different in cysts, solid neoplasms, and vascular diseases. The investigator must be familiar with various patterns of popliteal cyst formation: crescent-shaped, cross-shaped, slitlike, and grape-like cysts. Because of diagnostic and economic reasons the following concept should provide guidance when diagnosing lesions of the popliteal fossa: the first step of diagnostic imaging should include plain film radiography and sonography. In a second step MRI and/or arthroscopy should be performed.
膝关节超声检查是诊断可触及肿瘤的一种成熟方法。然而，对半月板、交叉韧带和透明软骨的评估存在争议。尽管不同疾病的回声性和范围各不相同，但许多明显的超声征象在囊肿、实体肿瘤和血管疾病中有所不同。检查者必须熟悉腘窝囊肿形成的各种形态：新月形、十字形、裂隙状和葡萄状囊肿。出于诊断和经济原因，在诊断腘窝病变时，以下概念应提供指导：诊断性影像学检查的第一步应包括X线平片和超声检查。第二步应进行磁共振成像（MRI）和/或关节镜检查。
