Kanagasuntheram R, Dharshini P
National University of Singapore.
Ann Acad Med Singap. 1994 Nov;23(6):923-8.
There is a sympathetic ganglion, in relation to most if not all thoracic and lumbar segments whereas there are only 3 or 4 sympathetic ganglia in the cervical region. Thus it may be inferred that sympathetic ganglia are not directly related to spinal nerves. Therefore, the hypothesis is put forward that sympathetic ganglia are associated chiefly with intersegmental vessels such as the intercostal and lumbar arteries and that the differences seen in the neck region are due to the disappearance of most of the cervical intersegmental arteries and the subsequent modifications that follow during development. This results in the fusion of the upper 4 cervical ganglia to form the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion in relation to the developing external carotid artery which seems to provide the necessary inductive stimulus. Furthermore, the antero-inferior migration of the heart, its corresponding arch arteries and the dorsal aorta bring about the formation of the ansa subclavia around the subclavian artery and the positioning of the stellate ganglion behind the vertebral artery.
存在一个交感神经节，与大多数（如果不是全部的话）胸段和腰段相关，而在颈部区域只有3或4个交感神经节。因此可以推断，交感神经节与脊神经没有直接关系。因此，提出了这样的假设：交感神经节主要与节段间血管如肋间动脉和腰动脉相关，而在颈部区域观察到的差异是由于大多数颈段间动脉的消失以及发育过程中随之而来的后续变化。这导致上4个颈神经节融合形成与发育中的颈外动脉相关的颈上交感神经节，颈外动脉似乎提供了必要的诱导刺激。此外，心脏及其相应的弓状动脉和背主动脉的前下迁移导致锁骨下动脉周围形成锁骨下襻以及星状神经节位于椎动脉后方。
