Amis A A, Miller J H
Biomechanics Section, Imperial College, London.
Injury. 1995 Apr;26(3):163-8. doi: 10.1016/0020-1383(95)93494-3.
Various mechanisms of injury have been hypothesized for each of the common elbow fractures, but few have been proved. This paper describes cadaveric experiments demonstrating some fracture mechanisms. Tests were performed at different angles of flexion, with impacts around the elbow or along the forearm bones. A range of fractures occurred. Radial head and coronoid fractures followed impact along the forearm up to 80 degrees flexion. Olecranon fractures occurred by direct impact around 90 degrees flexion. Distal humeral fractures mostly occurred above 110 degrees flexion. A flexion-extension 'arc of injury' is shown, which relates fracture types to elbow position at the moment of impact. The results confirmed some of the mechanism hypotheses, and cast doubt on others. Knowledge of these mechanisms can give greater understanding of the injury which has occurred, such as the abnormal bone excursions which occur during impact and likely patterns of soft tissue damage.
对于每种常见的肘部骨折，人们已经提出了各种损伤机制假说，但得到证实的很少。本文描述了一些尸体实验，这些实验证明了某些骨折机制。实验在不同的屈曲角度下进行，通过在肘部周围或沿着前臂骨施加冲击力。出现了一系列骨折情况。桡骨头和冠状突骨折是在沿着前臂施加冲击力且屈曲角度达80度时发生的。鹰嘴骨折是在屈曲约90度时受到直接撞击而发生的。肱骨远端骨折大多发生在屈曲超过110度时。文中展示了一个屈伸“损伤弧”，它将骨折类型与撞击瞬间的肘部位置联系起来。结果证实了一些机制假说，也对其他一些假说提出了质疑。了解这些机制有助于更深入地理解所发生的损伤，比如撞击过程中出现的异常骨移位以及可能的软组织损伤模式。
