Givens S R, Moore M L
J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 1995 Jun;9(1):8-18. doi: 10.1097/00005237-199506000-00004.
The health of pregnant women and children has improved substantially since the 1960s. In the past decade, however, progress in preventing infant deaths, reducing the incidence of low-birth-weight infants, and ensuring first trimester prenatal care has slowed. African-American infants suffer a significantly higher risk of poor pregnancy outcome. Immunization rates for preschoolers remain low. Changing social conditions including a rising child poverty rate, a high teenage birth rate, an increased rate of births to unmarried women, and higher levels of unintended pregnancy may be contributing to stalled progress.
自20世纪60年代以来，孕妇和儿童的健康状况有了显著改善。然而，在过去十年中，在预防婴儿死亡、降低低体重儿发病率以及确保孕早期产前护理方面的进展有所放缓。非裔美国婴儿出现不良妊娠结局的风险要高得多。学龄前儿童的免疫接种率仍然很低。不断变化的社会状况，包括儿童贫困率上升、青少年生育率高、未婚女性生育率上升以及意外怀孕率上升，可能导致了进展停滞。
