Pérez-Suárez G, Palacios F, Boursot P
Laboratoire Génome et Populations (CNRS URA 1493), Université Montpellier II, France.
Biochem Genet. 1994 Dec;32(11-12):423-36. doi: 10.1007/BF00566063.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation among specimens of the northwestern African hare (Lepus capensis schlumbergeri) and three European hares sampled in Spain (L. castroviejoi and L. granatensis, which are endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, and L. europaeus) was analyzed using seven restriction endonucleases. Fourteen haplotypes were found among the 34 animals examined. Restriction site maps were constructed and the phylogeny of the haplotypes was inferred. mtDNA of L. capensis was the most divergent, which is consistent with its allopatric African distribution and with an African origin of European hares. We estimated that mtDNA in hares diverges at a rate of 1.5-1.8% per MY assuming that the European and African populations separated 5-6 MYBP. Maximum intraspecies nucleotides divergences were 1.3% in L. capensis, 2.7% in L. castroviejoi, and 2.3% in L. granatensis but 13.0% in L. europaeus. The latter species contained two main mtDNA lineages, one on the branch leading to L. castroviejoi and the other on that leading to L. granatensis. The separation of these two lineages from the L. castroviejoi or L. granatensis lineages appears to be much older than the first paleontological record of L. europaeus in the Iberian peninsula. This suggests that the apparent polyphyly of L. europaeus is due not to secondary introgression, but to the retention of ancestral polymorphism in L. europaeus. The results suggest that L. europaeus either has evolved as a very large population for a long time or has been fractionated. Such a pattern of persistence of very divergent lineages has also been reported in other species of highly mobile terrestrial mammals. As far as mtDNA is concerned. L. europaeus appears to be the common phylogenetic trunk which has diversified during dispersion over the European continent and from which L. castroviejoi and L. granatensis speciated separately in southwest Europe.
利用七种限制性内切酶分析了西北非野兔（Lepus capensis schlumbergeri）以及在西班牙采样的三种欧洲野兔（伊比利亚半岛特有的L. castroviejoi和L. granatensis，以及L. europaeus）样本中的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）变异。在所检测的34只动物中发现了14种单倍型。构建了限制性酶切位点图谱并推断了单倍型的系统发育。L. capensis的mtDNA差异最大，这与其异域的非洲分布以及欧洲野兔的非洲起源一致。假设欧洲和非洲种群在500 - 600万年前分开，我们估计野兔的mtDNA以每百万年1.5 - 1.8%的速率发生分化。种内核苷酸最大差异在L. capensis中为1.3%，在L. castroviejoi中为2.7%，在L. granatensis中为2.3%，而在L. europaeus中为13.0%。后一个物种包含两个主要的mtDNA谱系，一个在通向L. castroviejoi的分支上，另一个在通向L. granatensis的分支上。这两个谱系与L. castroviejoi或L. granatensis谱系的分离似乎比伊比利亚半岛上L. europaeus的首个古生物学记录要早得多。这表明L. europaeus明显的多系性并非由于二次渗入，而是由于L. europaeus中祖先多态性的保留。结果表明，L. europaeus要么长期以来作为一个非常大的种群进化，要么已经分化。在其他高度移动的陆地哺乳动物物种中也报道过这种非常不同的谱系持续存在的模式。就mtDNA而言，L. europaeus似乎是共同的系统发育主干，在扩散到欧洲大陆的过程中发生了分化，L. castroviejoi和L. granatensis在欧洲西南部分别从该主干中分化出来。
