Brown E J
Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110.
Bioessays. 1995 Feb;17(2):109-17. doi: 10.1002/bies.950170206.
Phagocytosis is the process of recognition and engulfment of microorganisms or tissue debris that accumulate during infection, inflammation or wound repair. This ingestion, which is performed most efficiently by migrating, bone marrow-derived cells called 'professional phagocytes', is essential for successful host defense. Ingestion results when an invading microorganism is recognized by specific receptors on the phagocyte surface and requires multiple, successive interactions between the phagocyte and the target. Each of these interactions results in a signal transduction event, which is confined to the membrane and cytoskeleton around the ligated receptor and which is required for successful phagocytosis. Many molecules found at sites of inflammation or infection stimulate phagocytosis, so that efficient ingestion is confined to the site of infection or inflammation, which in turn limits the proinflammatory and tissue-destructive processes that accompany phagocytosis. This review summarizes current understanding of this critical component of host defense and of its regulation.
吞噬作用是识别和吞噬在感染、炎症或伤口修复过程中积累的微生物或组织碎片的过程。这种摄取由迁移的骨髓来源细胞（称为“专职吞噬细胞”）最有效地执行，对于成功的宿主防御至关重要。当入侵的微生物被吞噬细胞表面的特定受体识别时就会发生摄取，这需要吞噬细胞与靶标之间进行多次连续相互作用。这些相互作用中的每一个都会导致信号转导事件，该事件局限于连接受体周围的膜和细胞骨架，并且是成功吞噬所必需的。在炎症或感染部位发现的许多分子会刺激吞噬作用，因此有效的摄取局限于感染或炎症部位，这反过来又限制了伴随吞噬作用的促炎和组织破坏过程。本综述总结了目前对宿主防御这一关键组成部分及其调节的理解。
