Anderson R A
Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Maryland 20705-2350, USA.
Nutrition. 1995 Jan-Feb;11(1 Suppl):83-6.
Studies involving patients on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) led to conclusive documentation of the essential role of Cr in human nutrition. These patients developed severe diabetic symptoms including glucose intolerance, weight loss, impaired energy utilization, and nerve and brain disorders that were refractory to insulin. After addition of Cr to TPN fluids, diabetic symptoms were alleviated, and exogenous insulin was no longer required. Cr intake by healthy subjects consuming average Westernized diets is suboptimal; if these subjects experience severe physical trauma or other forms of stress, Cr status may be overtly compromised. Recommendations for daily Cr supplementation of 10-20 micrograms for patients on short-term TPN (< or = 1-3 mos) appear to be adequate. Stable patients on long-term TPN may receive ample Cr from that present in TPN fluids. Because of the variable nature of contaminating Cr, Cr intake and losses of TPN patients should be monitored.
涉及接受全胃肠外营养（TPN）患者的研究确凿地证明了铬在人类营养中的重要作用。这些患者出现了严重的糖尿病症状，包括葡萄糖不耐受、体重减轻、能量利用受损以及对胰岛素难治的神经和脑部疾病。在向TPN液中添加铬后，糖尿病症状得到缓解，不再需要外源性胰岛素。食用普通西方化饮食的健康受试者的铬摄入量并不理想；如果这些受试者遭受严重身体创伤或其他形式的应激，铬状态可能会明显受损。对于短期接受TPN（≤1 - 3个月）的患者，每日补充10 - 20微克铬的建议似乎是足够的。长期接受TPN的稳定患者可能从TPN液中所含的铬中获得充足的铬。由于污染铬的性质多变，应监测TPN患者的铬摄入量和损失情况。
