Wong K H, Lee S S, Lo Y C, Li P C, Ho H F, Sitt W H, Lam T W, Lai K Y
Department of Health, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 1995 Feb;55(2):127-36.
To determine the spectrum of opportunistic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in Hong Kong.
A retrospective study of 214 HIV-1-infected patients, seen between December 1984 and December 1993 in a specialist clinic for HIV/AIDS:
A majority (94%) of the patients in the cohort were male; 84% had acquired HIV via sexual contacts. Two-thirds were ethnic Chinese. Ninety-two (43%) had developed AIDS, and 54(25%) had presented with other non AIDS-defining opportunistic infections during the study period. The primary AIDS defining illnesses of 80 patients were infections: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (50%), extrapulmonary tuberculosis (10%) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease (8%). Opportunistic infections among Chinese and non-Chinese were similar in spectrum, though higher frequencies of infection with CMV, Mycobacterium avium intracellulare and tuberculosis were seen among Chinese, whereas the opposite was true for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, toxoplasmosis and cryptosporidiosis. Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection was another significant disease for HIV-positive patients. Common non AIDS-defining opportunistic infections included herpes zoster, oral candidiasis, herpes simplex infection and genital/anal wart. The median CD4 count at HIV diagnosis for AIDS patients was much lower than non-AIDS patients (147 vs 546/ul). Survival of deceased AIDS patients was poor, with a median of only five months. Survival has however, apparently, improved over the recent years.
In Hong Kong, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia remained the most common primary AIDS event, while Penicillium marneffei was emerging as another significant cause of major infection. Herpes zoster and oral candidiasis were the two most frequently encountered minor opportunistic infections.
确定香港人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）感染患者机会性感染的范围。
对1984年12月至1993年12月在一家HIV/AIDS专科诊所就诊的214例HIV-1感染患者进行回顾性研究。
该队列中的大多数患者（94%）为男性；84%通过性接触感染HIV。三分之二为华裔。92例（43%）已发展为艾滋病，54例（25%）在研究期间出现了其他非艾滋病定义的机会性感染。80例患者的主要艾滋病定义疾病为感染：卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎（50%）、肺外结核（10%）和巨细胞病毒（CMV）病（8%）。华裔和非华裔患者的机会性感染范围相似，不过华裔患者中CMV、鸟分枝杆菌和结核感染的频率较高，而卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎、弓形虫病和隐孢子虫病的情况则相反。播散性马尔尼菲青霉感染是HIV阳性患者的另一种重要疾病。常见的非艾滋病定义机会性感染包括带状疱疹、口腔念珠菌病、单纯疱疹感染和生殖器/肛门疣。艾滋病患者在HIV诊断时的CD4细胞计数中位数远低于非艾滋病患者（147对546/μl）。已故艾滋病患者的生存期较差，中位数仅为5个月。然而，近年来生存期显然有所改善。
在香港，卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎仍然是最常见的原发性艾滋病事件，而马尔尼菲青霉正在成为另一个主要感染的重要原因。带状疱疹和口腔念珠菌病是最常遇到的两种轻度机会性感染。
