Schmidt P, Madea B
Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany.
Forensic Sci Int. 1995 Mar 31;72(2):147-55. doi: 10.1016/0379-0738(95)98129-b.
Retrospective analysis of 215 deaths in the bathtub (Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Cologne, 1980-1993) revealed 12 fatalities involving children, seven boys and five girls, aged from 9 months to 13 years. The manner and cause of death was seven accidents (five by drowning, two by scalding burns), two natural deaths (epilepsy, heart failure due to Hurler's syndrome), one homicide (stabbing) and two undetermined cases (one probable seizure, one subdural hematoma associated with signs of maltreatment). Seven children < 4 years old died without exception from accidental drowning or scalding. Three toddlers had been left alone and unattended in the bathtub for a 'short time' (< or = 15 min) and two in the care of elder siblings. The immersion time and the amount of water required to cause lethal drowning are expressed in the terms of pathophysiology.
对215例浴缸内死亡案例（科隆大学法医学研究所，1980 - 1993年）的回顾性分析显示，其中有12例涉及儿童死亡，包括7名男孩和5名女孩，年龄从9个月至13岁。死亡方式和原因分别为：7例意外事故（5例溺水、2例烫伤），2例自然死亡（癫痫、黏多糖贮积症Ⅰ型所致心力衰竭），1例他杀（刺伤）以及2例死因不明的案例（1例可能为癫痫发作，1例硬膜下血肿伴虐待迹象）。7名4岁以下儿童均死于意外溺水或烫伤。3名幼童被单独留在浴缸中“一小段时间”（≤15分钟），另外2名由年长的兄弟姐妹照看。从病理生理学角度阐述了导致致命溺水所需的浸泡时间和水量。
