Locker D, Slade G
Department of Community Dentistry and Community, Dental Health Services Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada.
Gerodontology. 1994 Dec;11(2):108-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.1994.tb00116.x.
Since the mid-1970s a number of investigators have developed measures of the extent to which oral disorders compromise functional, social and psychological well-being. They have also examined the associations between clinical indicators of oral health status and these subjective indicators. In general, these associations have been inconsistent and weak. One reason for this might be that the subjective indicators employed were rudimentary and insensitive to the health outcomes of oral disorders. The development of the Oral Health Impact Profile, a more sophisticated measure of the health outcomes of oral disorders, provided a method to examine this hypothesis. Using data from an oral health survey of older adults, we examined the associations between OHIP scores and a variety of clinical indicators of tooth loss, caries and periodontal disease. Even with this measure the associations were predominantly weak, the strongest of the correlations being 0.53. We also examined the influence of personal and sociodemographic characteristics on the relationship between tooth loss and its psychosocial outcomes. Five variables reflecting expectations and resources explained as much variance in OHIP scores as did the number of missing teeth. This analysis illustrates the essential distinction between disease and health and the way in which measures of oral health can be used to pursue fundamental issues in behavioural science and health services research.
自20世纪70年代中期以来，许多研究人员已制定了衡量口腔疾病对功能、社会和心理健康造成损害程度的方法。他们还研究了口腔健康状况的临床指标与这些主观指标之间的关联。总体而言，这些关联并不一致且较弱。造成这种情况的一个原因可能是所采用的主观指标较为初级，对口腔疾病的健康结果不敏感。口腔健康影响程度量表（Oral Health Impact Profile）的开发，这是一种对口腔疾病健康结果更复杂的衡量方法，为检验这一假设提供了一种手段。利用一项针对老年人的口腔健康调查数据，我们研究了OHIP得分与各种牙齿缺失、龋齿和牙周疾病临床指标之间的关联。即便采用这种衡量方法，这些关联大多仍然较弱，最强的相关性为0.53。我们还研究了个人及社会人口学特征对牙齿缺失与其心理社会结果之间关系的影响。反映期望和资源的五个变量对OHIP得分方差的解释程度与缺失牙数量相同。这一分析说明了疾病与健康之间的本质区别，以及口腔健康衡量方法可用于探讨行为科学和卫生服务研究中基本问题的方式。
