Pottick K, Hansell S, Gutterman E, White H R
Rutgers University Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995 Apr;34(4):425-33.
This study describes the distribution of children and adolescents in psychiatric inpatient and outpatient facilities and identifies factors associated with the selection of individuals into inpatient versus outpatient care. SAMPLE DATA: The data are from a 1986 nationally representative sample surveyed by the National Institute of Mental Health.
Results indicate that the vast majority of children and adolescents with psychiatric problems receive outpatient treatment rather than inpatient care. Factors that predict psychiatric hospitalization rather than outpatient care are (1) public or private insurance coverage versus no insurance; (2) previous hospitalization; (3) psychiatric diagnosis of affective or psychotic disorders versus conduct disorders, adjustment disorders, drug and alcohol abuse, and other disorders; and (4) age, with adolescents more likely to be hospitalized than children.
Further research is needed to explore the role of insurance in mental health sorting processes. Moreover, systematic, controlled research is needed to determine how different financing strategies affect mental health outcomes for children and adolescents.
本研究描述了儿童和青少年在精神科住院和门诊机构中的分布情况，并确定了与选择住院治疗还是门诊治疗相关的因素。样本数据：数据来自1986年由美国国立精神卫生研究所进行的全国代表性抽样调查。
结果表明，绝大多数有精神问题的儿童和青少年接受门诊治疗而非住院治疗。预测精神科住院而非门诊治疗的因素包括：（1）有公共或私人保险覆盖与无保险；（2）既往住院史；（3）情感或精神障碍的精神科诊断与品行障碍、适应障碍、药物和酒精滥用及其他障碍；（4）年龄，青少年比儿童更有可能住院。
需要进一步研究以探讨保险在心理健康分类过程中的作用。此外，需要进行系统的、对照研究以确定不同的融资策略如何影响儿童和青少年的心理健康结果。
