Toro P A, Bellavia C W, Daeschler C V, Owens B J, Wall D D, Passero J M, Thomas D M
Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1995 Apr;63(2):280-9. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.63.2.280.
To separate the characteristics of the homeless from those of the housed poor, 144 adults were randomly sampled from several sites, yielding 3 groups: the currently homeless (n = 59), the previously (but not currently) homeless (n = 31), and the never-homeless poor (n = 54). The homeless were significantly less likely to be receiving public benefits, were more likely to have a DSM-III (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [3rd ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1980]) diagnosis of substance abuse, showed higher levels of self-rated psychological distress and were more likely to be victims of recent domestic violence and to have been physically abused as children. The homeless did not differ from the comparison groups on DSM-III diagnosis of severe mental illness (schizophrenia or major affective disorder). physical health symptoms, and social support and social networks.
为了区分无家可归者与有住所的穷人的特征，从几个地点随机抽取了144名成年人，分为三组：目前无家可归者（n = 59）、以前（但目前不是）无家可归者（n = 31）和从未无家可归的穷人（n = 54）。无家可归者领取公共福利的可能性显著更低，更有可能被诊断为患有《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版（DSM-III；美国精神病学协会，1980年）中的药物滥用，自我评定的心理困扰水平更高，更有可能是近期家庭暴力的受害者，并且在儿童时期遭受过身体虐待。在DSM-III对严重精神疾病（精神分裂症或重度情感障碍）的诊断、身体健康症状以及社会支持和社会网络方面，无家可归者与对照组没有差异。
