Hara T
Department of Child Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 1995 Feb;65(6):419-27. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.65.419.
These studies examined preschoolers' understanding of characteristics of friends. "Friends" were defined as children of the same sex who chose each other as good friends, and "acquaintances" were those who knew each other but did not mutually chosen. In Study 1, 30 five- to six-year-old children were asked how they expected their friends and acquaintances to behave toward them in various situations, such as play, help, and trust situations. It was found that they tended to expect their friends in play and trust situations to behave more kindly than their acquaintances. In Study 2, they were asked how they themselves would behave toward their friends and acquaintances in the same situations. They replied that they would behave more kindly toward their friends than toward their acquaintances in all the situations. These results were interpreted as preschoolers showing a consistent understanding of their friends' behavior, as well as a clear comprehension of reciprocity in their relationship with their friends.
这些研究考察了学龄前儿童对朋友特质的理解。“朋友”被定义为同性别的、相互选择成为好朋友的儿童，“熟人”则是那些彼此认识但并非相互选择的人。在研究1中，30名5到6岁的儿童被问及他们期望自己的朋友和熟人在各种情境下如何对待他们，比如玩耍、帮助和信任情境。结果发现，他们倾向于期望自己的朋友在玩耍和信任情境中比熟人表现得更友善。在研究2中，他们被问及在相同情境下自己会如何对待朋友和熟人。他们回答说，在所有情境中，他们对朋友的行为会比对熟人更友善。这些结果被解释为学龄前儿童对朋友的行为表现出一致的理解，以及对他们与朋友关系中互惠性的清晰理解。
