Muroyama H
Japan Institute of Labour, Tokyo.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 1995 Feb;65(6):454-62. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.65.454.
The first purpose of this study was to examine and define rivalry as a form of interpersonal relationship. The second was to investigate what factors most affected the interpersonal attraction between rivals. University students were individually interviewed and asked whether or not they had any current or past rivals. If they had any, they were then asked to describe some aspects of their rivalry, such as the situation in which it occurred, its outcomes, the feelings toward the rival, and its effects on their and rivals' behavior. Results showed that rivals were frequently described as competitive partners sharing the same goal, having similar abilities, and affecting each other in positive ways. According to the level of attraction between the rivals, rivalry was categorized into four types: task-oriented, opponent, fellow, and good-friend. In relation to the four rivalry types, three aspects of competition were examined: equal versus unequal, onesided versus mutual, and result-oriented versus person-oriented.
本研究的首要目的是将竞争作为一种人际关系形式进行审视和界定。第二个目的是调查哪些因素对竞争对手之间的人际吸引力影响最大。研究人员对大学生进行了单独访谈，询问他们目前或过去是否有竞争对手。如果有，接着会请他们描述竞争的一些方面，比如竞争发生的情境、结果、对竞争对手的感受，以及竞争对他们自己和对手行为的影响。结果显示，竞争对手常被描述为有着共同目标、能力相当且能以积极方式相互影响的竞争伙伴。根据竞争对手之间的吸引程度，竞争被分为四种类型：任务导向型、对手型、同伴型和好友型。针对这四种竞争类型，研究考察了竞争的三个方面：平等与不平等、单向与相互、结果导向与以人为本。
