Lapham S C, Skipper B J, Owen J P, Kleyboecker K, Teaf D, Thompson B, Simpson G
Substance Abuse Research Programs, Lovelace Institutes, Lovelace Institute for Health and Population Research, New Mexico 87102, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 1995 Jan;56(1):51-9. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1995.56.51.
A variety of instruments are used by Driving While Impaired (DWI) screening programs nationwide to assess offenders for alcohol- or drug-related problems. This study presents normative data from five standardized instruments administered by a DWI screening program: the MAC scale of the MMPI, the Alcohol Use Inventory (AUI), the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) and the Skinner's Trauma Scale (STS).
The population under study were 2,317 first DWI offenders who completed screening evaluations in 1989-91. The sample included 24% women; the racial distribution was 46% Hispanic, 43% non-Hispanic white, 8% Native American and 3% other races. A statistical model was developed to determine associations among scores on the various instruments and age, gender, ethnicity, education, blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and validity measures on the MMPI-2 (L and K scale scores)
There were significant differences in test scores among the ethnic- and gender-specific client groups. Test scores were significantly higher among men than women for the MAST, the D1 and D2 scales of the AUI, the MAC, and the STS. Correlations among the instruments were generally low, and the percentage of persons who scored above instrument cut-points varied significantly. The MAST identified the highest percentage of persons as alcoholic. MMPI profile validity was the most significant independent variable associated with test scores. Persons with scores in the valid range had higher mean scores on each of the instruments.
The choice of instruments used in the DWI assessment can greatly influence the percentage of offenders assessed as having alcohol-related problems.
全国范围内的酒后驾车（DWI）筛查项目使用多种工具来评估违法者是否存在与酒精或药物相关的问题。本研究呈现了一个DWI筛查项目所使用的五种标准化工具的常模数据：明尼苏达多相人格调查表（MMPI）的MAC量表、酒精使用量表（AUI）、密歇根酒精ism筛查测试（MAST）、药物滥用筛查测试（DAST）以及斯金纳创伤量表（STS）。
研究对象为2317名在1989 - 1991年完成筛查评估的初犯DWI者。样本中女性占24%；种族分布为46%西班牙裔、43%非西班牙裔白人、8%美洲原住民以及3%其他种族。开发了一个统计模型来确定各种工具的得分与年龄、性别、种族、教育程度、血液酒精浓度（BAC）以及MMPI - 2上的效度指标（L和K量表得分）之间的关联。
不同种族和性别的受测者群体在测试得分上存在显著差异。对于MAST、AUI的D1和D2量表、MAC以及STS，男性的测试得分显著高于女性。这些工具之间的相关性普遍较低，并且得分高于工具切点的人员比例差异显著。MAST将最高比例的人员认定为酗酒者。MMPI剖面图效度是与测试得分相关的最显著独立变量。效度范围内得分的人员在每种工具上的平均得分更高。
DWI评估中所使用工具的选择会极大地影响被评估为存在与酒精相关问题的违法者比例。
