Naidich T P, Valavanis A G, Kubik S
Baptist Hospital of Miami, Department of Radiology, Florida, USA.
Neurosurgery. 1995 Mar;36(3):517-32. doi: 10.1227/00006123-199503000-00011.
Sagittal sections of anatomic specimens and magnetic resonance images well display the individual gyri and sulci along the low-middle convexity. Those familiar with the typical pattern and with the common normal variations will be able to use sagittal magnetic resonance imaging to correctly localize lesions by identifying: (a) the five major rami of the sylvian fissure; (b) the subdivision of the triangular inferior frontal gyrus into the M-shaped partes orbitalis, triangularis, and opercularis by the anterior horizontal and anterior ascending rami of the sylvian fissure; (c) the zig-zag shape of the middle frontal gyrus, which characteristically angles sharply and inferiorly to fuse with the anterior surface of the precentral gyrus; (d) T-shaped bifurcation of the posterior end of the inferior frontal sulcus to form the inferior precentral sulcus; (e) separation of the central sulcus from the sylvian fissure by union of the opercular ends of the precentral and postcentral gyri to form the subcentral gyrus inferior to the central sulcus; (f) narrower sagittal dimension of the postcentral gyrus than the precentral gyrus; (g) horseshoe shape of the supramarginal gyrus perched atop the posterior ascending ramus of the sylvian fissure; (h) similar horseshoe shape of the angular gyrus perched atop the posterior end of the superior temporal sulcus; (i) commonly intercalated accessory presupramarginal and preangular gyri; and (j) the arcuate course of the intraparietal sulcus, which separates the superior from the inferior parietal lobules. The anatomic relationships described are more nearly constant anteriorly than posteriorly. When used as described, they prove helpful in correctly localizing pathology and in planning a surgical approach to lesions that may be difficult to localize on the basis of axial or coronal plane magnetic resonance images.
解剖标本的矢状切面和磁共振图像能很好地显示中低脑凸面的各个脑回和脑沟。熟悉典型模式和常见正常变异的人能够通过识别以下内容，利用矢状面磁共振成像正确定位病变：(a) 外侧裂的五个主要分支；(b) 外侧裂的前水平支和前升支将额下回三角部分分为M形的眶部、三角部和盖部；(c) 额中回呈锯齿状，其特征是急剧向下成角并与中央前回的前表面融合；(d) 额下沟后端呈T形分叉形成中央前下沟；(e) 中央前回和中央后回的盖部末端相连形成中央沟下方的中央下沟，从而使中央沟与外侧裂分开；(f) 中央后回的矢状径比中央前回窄；(g) 缘上回呈马蹄形，位于外侧裂后升支的上方；(h) 角回呈类似的马蹄形，位于颞上沟后端的上方；(i) 通常插入的额上缘回和额角回；(j) 顶内沟呈弓形走行，将顶上小叶与顶下小叶分开。所描述的解剖关系在前方比后方更恒定。按所述方法使用时，它们有助于正确定位病变，并有助于规划针对基于轴位或冠状位磁共振图像可能难以定位的病变的手术入路。
