Gabre P, Gahnberg L
Public Dental Health Services, County of Uppsala, Sweden.
Spec Care Dentist. 1994 Sep-Oct;14(5):203-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.1994.tb01132.x.
During the last few years in Sweden, there has been a change in the way of living for the mentally retarded. There has been a gradual movement away from institutions toward a more integrated life within society. The aim of the present study was to examine the dental health of mentally retarded adults with different ways of living. Forty-two subjects lived in an institution, 50 lived in integrated units, and 40 stayed in their own apartments or with their parents. All subjects had had regular dental care for at least ten years. The clinical examination was made by one dentist. The use of fluoride and chlorhexidine was recorded in addition to a microbiological examination. The results showed a higher caries prevalence and incidence in subjects with integrated living. Compared with other studies where the mentally retarded had had no regular dental care, the caries incidence and prevalence were lower in this study, and the number of missing teeth was lower. The prevalence of mutans streptococci was related to caries prevalence and incidence. High scores of mutans streptococci could be observed, even among subjects with a frequent use of chlorhexidine gel. The loss of alveolar bone was more pronounced for individuals living in the institution compared with that in individuals with other ways of living.
在过去几年里，瑞典智障人士的生活方式发生了变化。他们逐渐从收容机构走向社会，融入更正常的生活。本研究旨在调查不同生活方式的成年智障人士的口腔健康状况。42名受试者住在收容机构，50名住在融合单元，40名住在自己的公寓或与父母同住。所有受试者都至少接受了十年的定期牙科护理。临床检查由一名牙医进行。除了微生物学检查外，还记录了氟化物和洗必泰的使用情况。结果显示，融合生活的受试者龋齿患病率和发病率更高。与其他未对智障人士进行定期牙科护理的研究相比，本研究中的龋齿发病率和患病率较低，缺牙数量也较少。变形链球菌的患病率与龋齿患病率和发病率相关。即使在经常使用洗必泰凝胶的受试者中，也能观察到较高的变形链球菌评分。与其他生活方式的人相比，住在收容机构的人牙槽骨流失更为明显。
