Craig P S, Gasser R B, Parada L, Cabrera P, Parietti S, Borgues C, Acuttis A, Agulla J, Snowden K, Paolillo E
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Salford, UK.
Vet Parasitol. 1995 Feb;56(4):293-301. doi: 10.1016/0304-4017(94)00680-b.
Echinococcus granulosus is one of the most important and widespread of the helminth zoonoses. Diagnosis of E. granulosus infection in dogs currently relies on arecoline dosing and detailed examination of the purge for adult worms. Two immunodiagnostic tests (ELISA) based on genus specific coproantigen detection or serum antibody (IgG, IgA and IgE) detection were compared against arecoline purgation for the detection of Echinococcus in naturally infected dogs in Uruguay. The coproantigen ELISA had a sensitivity of 76.9% compared with 34.6% for the serum IgG ELISA when assessed against 26 purge positive dogs (purge worm count range 1-4331). Coproantigen reactivity was positively correlated (r = 0.65) to purge worm count, with a threshold at over 20 worms. There was no positive correlation of antibody levels with worm counts. In 26 matched Echinococcus positive dog samples, the overall sensitivity of serological detection increased to 69.2% when seroreactivity for IgA and IgE antibodies were included and to 96.2% for both coproantigen and antibody assays combined. The detection of current infection of individual dogs with E. granulosus by coproantigen ELISA has the potential to replace arecoline purgation, while specific serum antibody detection should be useful in assessing Echinococcus exposure in dog populations.
细粒棘球绦虫是最重要且分布最广泛的蠕虫类人畜共患病原体之一。目前，犬细粒棘球绦虫感染的诊断依赖于槟榔碱投药法以及对驱虫排出物中的成虫进行详细检查。在乌拉圭，将基于属特异性粪抗原检测或血清抗体（IgG、IgA和IgE）检测的两种免疫诊断试验（ELISA）与槟榔碱驱虫法进行比较，以检测自然感染犬体内的棘球绦虫。当以26只驱虫阳性犬（驱虫虫数范围为1 - 4331条）为评估对象时，粪抗原ELISA的灵敏度为76.9%，而血清IgG ELISA的灵敏度为34.6%。粪抗原反应性与驱虫虫数呈正相关（r = 0.65），阈值为超过20条虫。抗体水平与虫数无正相关。在26份匹配的棘球绦虫阳性犬样本中，当纳入IgA和IgE抗体的血清反应性时，血清学检测的总体灵敏度增至69.2%，而粪抗原和抗体检测联合使用时则增至96.2%。通过粪抗原ELISA检测个体犬当前的细粒棘球绦虫感染有潜力取代槟榔碱驱虫法，而特异性血清抗体检测在评估犬群体中棘球绦虫暴露情况方面应会很有用。
