Eakin J M, Weir N
Department of Behavioural Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario.
Can J Public Health. 1995 Mar-Apr;86(2):109-13.
The promotion of health in small workplaces is particularly challenging. Research was conducted to identify the types of agencies offering prevention and promotion services to small workplaces, and to describe the activities and strategies used to engage this "hard-to-reach" population. This paper reports on a survey of 58 agencies located across Canada. Agencies were mostly of recent origin, many having arisen in response to legislative and other government initiatives, and of two essential types: those that used the workplace as a site for addressing general lifestyle health behaviours, and those addressing the occupational determinants of health. Their location, staffing and program focus reflected their orientation. Factors believed by respondents to influence program effectiveness are summarized. The paper notes the top-down origins of many prevention/promotion efforts, their inherent management bias, and the differing perspectives that underlie the lifestyle and occupational approaches to workplace health. A call for integration of the two approaches is made.
在小型工作场所促进健康尤其具有挑战性。开展了一项研究，以确定向小型工作场所提供预防和促进服务的机构类型，并描述为接触这一“难以触及”人群所采用的活动和策略。本文报告了对加拿大各地58个机构的一项调查。这些机构大多是最近成立的，许多是应立法和其他政府倡议而设立的，主要有两种类型：一类将工作场所作为解决一般生活方式健康行为的场所，另一类则关注健康的职业决定因素。它们的位置、人员配备和项目重点反映了它们的定位。总结了受访者认为影响项目有效性的因素。本文指出了许多预防/促进工作的自上而下的起源、其固有的管理偏见，以及工作场所健康的生活方式和职业方法背后的不同观点。呼吁将这两种方法结合起来。
